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Accessing data from cache is faster than accessing it from the computer’s main memory. See also CPU cache, L1 cache, L2 cache. CD—An individual compact disc. See also CD-ROM. CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory)—A form of high- capacity storage that uses laser optics instead of magnetic means for reading data. See also CD. Compare DVD-ROM. Central Processing Unit (CPU)—The chip that functions as the “brain” of the computer. It takes information from outside sources, such as memory or keyboard input, processes the information, and sends the results to another device that uses the information. character—Any letter, number, or symbol you can use on the computer. Some characters are non-printing characters, such as a paragraph break in a word-processing program. A character occupies one byte of computer storage. chip—A small piece of silicon containing computer logic and circuits for processing, memory, input/output, and/or control functions. Chips are mounted on printed circuit boards. click—To press and release the pointing device’s primary button without moving the pointing device. In the Windows® operating system, this refers to the pointing device’s left button, unless otherwise stated. See also double-click. color palette—A set of specified colors that establishes the colors that can be displayed on the screen at a particular time. compatibility—The extent to which computers, programs, or devices can work together harmoniously, using the same commands, formats, or language as another. configuration—(1) The collection of components that make up a single computer system. (2) How parts of the system are set up (that is, configured). controller—A device that controls the transfer of data from a computer to a peripheral device and vice versa. For example, disk drives, monitors, keyboards, and printers all require controllers. CPU—See Central Processing Unit (CPU). Glossary Glossary CPU cache—A section of very fast memory residing between the CPU and the computer’s main memory that temporarily stores data and instructions the CPU will need to execute commands and programs. See also cache, L1 cache, L2 cache. cursor—An on-screen symbol (usually a flashing vertical line) that indicates the position where characters will appear when you enter data. D default—The setting selected by a program when the user does not specify an alternative setting. device—A component attached to the computer. Devices may be external (outside the computer’s case) or internal (inside the computer’s case). Printers, disk drives, and modems are examples of devices. device driver—A program (called a “driver”) that permits a computer to communicate with a device. dialog box—An on-screen window displayed by the operating system or a program giving a direction or requesting input from the user. Direct Current (DC)—The type of power usually supplied by batteries. DC flows in one direction. Compare Alternating Current (AC). Dire...

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